River Teesta | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
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Posted 29 Mar 2025

8 min read

River Teesta

Bangladesh welcomes participation of China in Teesta River Comprehensive Management & Restoration Project.

About Teesta River

  • Origin: Originates as Chhombo Chhu from a glacial lake Khangchung Chho in Sikkim.
    • The glacial lake lies at the snout of the Teesta Khangse glacier descending from Pauhunri peak.
  • It flows through Sikkim & West Bengal, and then enters Bangladesh, merging with Jamuna River (Brahmaputra).
  • Tributaries:
    • Left-bank Tributaries: Lachung Chhu, Rangpo Chhu, Chakung Chhu etc. 
    • Right-bank Tributaries: Rangeet River (largest tributary).
  • Teesta Treaty: In 2011, a draft agreement was proposed where India would get 42.5% and Bangladesh 37.5% of Teesta’s water during the dry season.
    • Implementation was halted due to objections from West Bengal.
  • Tags :
  • Teesta River
  • Chhombo Chhu
  • Khangchung Chho

Hybrid Annuity Model

Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved the 4-lane access-controlled Patna–Arrah–Sasaram corridor under the Hybrid Annuity Model.

About Hybrid Annuity Model 

  • HAM is a public-private partnership (PPP) model used in infrastructure projects, primarily in road construction.
  • Funding: 40% of project cost funded by government during construction & private concessionaire funds remaining 60%.
    • HAM enables private developers to recover costs through structured government annuity payments over time.
  • Benefits over Other Models: Balanced risk-sharing, assured returns for private players etc.
  • Tags :
  • Hybrid Annuity Model
  • PPP Model
  • Patna–Arrah–Sasaram corridor

National Gene Bank

Union Government has announced the establishment of second National Gene Bank (NGB) to conserve 10 lakh crop germplasm, ensuring future food and nutritional security.

  • The first NGB was established in 1996 at the ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) in New Delhi.

About Gene Banks

  • Gene banks are biorepositories that store genetic material of plants, animals, and microorganisms to preserve biodiversity and ensure long-term food security.
  • Types of Gene Banks: Seed Banks (Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Norway), Field Gene Banks (live plants conserved in natural conditions), Cryo-preservation Banks (preserve tissues, embryos, and cells), Pollen and DNA Banks, etc.
  • Other Gene Banks in India
    • Animal Gene Bank:  ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR), Haryana.
    • Microbial Gene Bank: ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Uttar Pradesh.
  • Tags :
  • Svalbard Global Seed Vault
  • National Gene Bank
  • Field Gene Banks

Exercise INDRA 2025

14th Edition of Exercise INDRA is taking place in Chennai from March 28, 2025 to April 02, 2025.

About Exercise INDRA

  • It is a bilateral naval exercise between India and Russia, taking place since 2003.
  • The exercise will be conducted in two phases - Harbour phase (at Chennai), and Sea phase in Bay of Bengal.
  • Participation: Russian Federation Naval Ships Pechanga, Rezkiy, and Aldar Tsydenzhapov and Indian Naval Ships Rana, Kuthar, and Maritime patrol aircraft P8l.
  • Tags :
  • INDRA 2025
  • Bilateral Naval Exercise

Carriage of Goods By Sea Bill

Lok Sabha passed Carriage of Goods By Sea Bill,2024 

  • Objective of the bill: To simplify the language of the provision for the ease of understanding.

About the Bill

  • It replaced the Indian Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1925.
  • It establishes the responsibilities, liabilities, rights, and immunities in case of goods carried from a port in India to another port in India or any other port in the world.
  • It is in conformance with the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading of August 1924 (Hague Rules) and subsequent amendments to it.
  • Tags :
  • Carriage of Goods By Sea Bill
  • Hague Rules

Bond Yield

Indian Bond Yields Drop Sharply in FY25 Amid Foreign Inflows & Policy Shifts.

  • Definition: A bond is a loan made by an investor to a borrower for a set period of time in return for regular interest payments.

About bond yield

  • Definition: A bond is a contract between the borrower (the issuer) and the lender (the investor).

Relationship Between Bond Price and Yield

  • When bond prices rise, yields fall, and when prices fall, yields rise. 
  • If market interest rates rise, new bonds offer higher yields, making existing bonds with lower yields less attractive
    • This causes existing bond prices to drop, which in turn raises their yields.
  • Tags :
  • Bond Yield
  • Bond

Photonic Chip

Government of India Supporting Photonic Chip Research for Next-Gen Computing.

About photonic chip

  • Concept: A photonic chip is similar to an electronic chip but uses light (photons) instead of electricity (electrons). 
  • Components: Instead of resistors and transistors, PICs have optical components like waveguides, lasers, and polarizers.
  • Significance: 
    • Transmit data at ultra-high speed, high bandwidth, and good energy efficiency. 
    • They generate minimal heat, are immune to electromagnetic interference, etc.
    • These chips are better suited for new applications such as 6G, Artificial Intelligence (AI), quantum computing, data centers, etc.
  • Tags :
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Photonic Chip

FPV Armed Drones

Recently, Indian Army has successfully tested a First Person View (FPV) drone developed indigenously by Major Cephas Chetan in collaboration with Chandigarh-based Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory.

About First Person View (FPV) Drones

  • Key features
    • Precision strike capability: Can target enemy bunkers, vehicles, and smaller systems effectively.
    • Pilot-controlled trigger: Activation is done only via radio controller, minimizing premature detonation risks.
    • Real-time payload monitoring: Operators receive live payload status via FPV Goggles for better accuracy.
  • Strategic importance
    • Indigenous defence technology: It will reduce reliance on foreign suppliers.
    • Cost-effective weaponry: Provides a low-cost precision strike alternative for battlefield operations.
  • Tags :
  • FPV Armed Drone
  • Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory
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