Gene editing can be performed in a gentler way using Epigenome editing: Studies | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
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Gene editing can be performed in a gentler way using Epigenome editing: Studies

Posted 11 Mar 2025

2 min read

Epigenome editing is genetic engineering technology that adjusts gene transcription through modifying epigenome, directly targeting root of dysregulation while leaving primary DNA sequence intact.

  • Epigenome refers to all chemical compounds and modifications (like methyl groups or histone modifications) that regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequence.
  • Unlike traditional gene editing methods that involve cutting DNA, epigenome editing allows for precise control over gene expression (With Reversible Changes), making it a safer alternative.
  • Epigenetic processes predominantly regulate gene expression at level of transcription.
    • Transcription is the process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into an RNA molecule.

Epigenetic processes/markers to Regulate Gene Expression

  • DNA Methylation: Addition of a methyl group to DNA, which can silence genes by preventing transcription factors from binding.
  • Histone Modification: Alters histone proteins (basic proteins that DNA wraps around) with chemical changes affecting gene expression.
  • RNA-Mediated Processes: Uses non-coding RNAs to regulate genes.

Key Application of Epigenome Editing

  • Treatment of Complex Diseases: Effective for conditions like cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic syndromes caused by multiple genetic factors.
  • Regenerative Medicine: Enhances stem cell therapies by controlling differentiation and promoting tissue repair.
  • Immune System Engineering: Optimizes immune cell functions for advanced cancer immunotherapies.
  • Safe and Reversible Gene Therapies: Reduces risks of permanent genetic modifications, offering precise and controlled treatments.
The image presents three methods to achieve epigenome editing:  CRISPR-Based Epigenetic Editing: Uses modified CRISPR-Cas systems to recruit epigenetic modifiers, altering gene expression without cutting DNA.  Zinc Finger Proteins (ZFPs): Engineered proteins that bind specific DNA sequences and recruit enzymes to modify epigenetic markers, enabling targeted gene activation or repression.  Transcription Activator-Like Effectors (TALEs): Customizable DNA-binding proteins that, like ZFPs, influence gene expression by modifying epigenetic markers.
  • Tags :
  • Genetic Engineering
  • Gene Expression
  • Epigenome Editing
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