The Sample Registration System (SRS) Report 2021 was released by the Registrar General of India (RGI) containing data on fertility and mortality indicators for India and bigger States/UTs.
About SRS
Sample Registration System (SRS) is a large scale demographic survey for providing reliableestimates of birth rate, death rate and other fertility and mortality indicators at the National and Sub-National levels.
The SRS sample is revised every ten years based on the latest census frame.
Key Findings of the SRS Report 2021
Parameters and Definitions
Trends highlighted by SRS Report 2021
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
CBR = (Number of live births during the year/ Mid-year population) X 100
DECLINED by 11% from 21.8 in 2011 to 19.3 in 2021
States: Maximum: Bihar (25.6); Minimum: Kerala (12.9)
Population Composition (percentage of total population)
Age group 0-14: Gradual DECLINE from 36.3% (1991) to 24.8% (2021)
Economically active population (15-59 years): INCREASED (57.7% (1991) to 66.2% (2021))
Mean age at effective marriage for Females: INCREASED (19.3 years in 1990 to 22.5 years in 2021)
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
Number of maternal deaths during a given period per 100,000 live births during the same period.
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
DECLINED by 37 points from 130 per lakh live births in 2014–16 to 93 per lakh live birthsin 2019–21. [SDG target of MMR (<=70 by 2030)]
Child Mortality
Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR): Number of neonatal deaths that from birth to 29 days per 1,000 live births.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): Number of infants deaths from birth to the 1 year old per 1,000 live births.
Under-five Mortality Rate(U5MR): Number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1,000 live births.
Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR)
DECLINED from 26 per 1000 live births in 2014 to 19 per 1000 live births in 2021. [SDG target of NMR (<=12 by 2030)]
States: Lowest: Kerala; Highest: Madhya Pradesh
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
DECLINED from 39 per 1000 live births in 2014 to 27 per 1000 live births in 2021.
States: Lowest: Kerala (6); Highest: Madhya Pradesh (41)
Despite this decline, one in every 37 infants at the National level die within one year of life.
Under-five Mortality Rate(U5MR)
DECLINED from 45 per 1000 live births in 2014 to 31 per 1000 live births in 2021. [SDG target of U5MR (<=25 by 2030)]
States: Lowest: Kerala; Highest: Madhya Pradesh
Sex Ratio at Birth
Number of females per 1000 males at birth.
INCREASED from 907 in 2018-20 to 913 in 2019-21.
States: Highest: Kerala (962); Lowest: Uttarakhand (852)
Rural (2019-21): 912; Urban (2019-21): 918
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Average number of children a woman would have at the end of their reproductive period.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)= 2.0
DECLINED during 2016-2021 at the National level.
States: Highest: Bihar (3.0); Lowest: Delhi and West Bengal (1.4)
Replacement level TFR, viz. 2.1, has been attained at the National level along with 16 States/UTs.
Rural: 2.2; Urban: 1.6
Life-expectancy at birth
69.8 years (for period 2017-21), registering a decline of 0.2 years from 2016-20.
Life expectancy for males has been estimated at 68.2 years and that for females, at 71.6 years.
Institutional Deliveries
In 2021, ~91.1% of the deliveries was institutional including Government and private hospitals.
Urban areas: 95.5%; Rural areas: 89.7%
Conclusion
Ensuring improvement in maternal and child health will ensure a healthy present and future generation, contributing to the demographic dividend and development of India. Effective implementation of schemes, public awareness, developing quality infrastructure and services will ensure this.
